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Protein quality control at the ribosome: focus on RAC, NAC and RQC

Martin Gamerdinger
Essays In Biochemistry Oct 15, 2016, 60(2) 203-212; DOI: 10.1042/EBC20160011
Martin Gamerdinger
Department of Biology, Institute of Molecular Microbiology, University of Konstanz, 78457 Konstanz, Germany
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Abstract

The biogenesis of new polypeptides by ribosomes and their subsequent correct folding and localization to the appropriate cellular compartments are essential key processes to maintain protein homoeostasis. These complex mechanisms are governed by a repertoire of protein biogenesis factors that directly bind to the ribosome and chaperone nascent polypeptide chains as soon as they emerge from the ribosomal tunnel exit. This nascent chain ‘welcoming committee’ regulates multiple co-translational processes including protein modifications, folding, targeting and degradation. Acting at the front of the protein production line, these ribosome-associated protein biogenesis factors lead the way in the cellular proteostasis network to ensure proteome integrity. In this article, I focus on three different systems in eukaryotes that are critical for the maintenance of protein homoeostasis by controlling the birth, life and death of nascent polypeptide chains.

  • cellular targeting
  • proteasomes
  • protein misfolding
  • ribosomes
  • Abbreviations:

    AAA+,
    ATPase associated with various cellular activities;
    CAT,
    C-terminal alanine and threonine;
    ER,
    endoplasmic reticulum;
    ES12,
    expansion element 12;
    HSF1,
    heat-shock transcription factor 1;
    Hsp,
    heat-shock protein;
    MAP,
    methionine aminopeptidase;
    NAC,
    nascent polypeptide-associated complex;
    PTC,
    peptidyltransferase centre;
    RAC,
    ribosome-associated complex;
    RNC,
    ribosome-nascent chain complex;
    RQC,
    ribosome quality control complex;
    SRP,
    signal recognition particle;
    UBA,
    ubiquitin-associated domain
    • © 2016 The Author(s). Published by Portland Press Limited on behalf of the Biochemical Society
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    October 2016

    Volume: 60 Issue: 2

    Essays In Biochemistry: 60 (2)
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    Protein quality control at the ribosome: focus on RAC, NAC and RQC
    Martin Gamerdinger
    Essays In Biochemistry Oct 2016, 60 (2) 203-212; DOI: 10.1042/EBC20160011
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    Protein quality control at the ribosome: focus on RAC, NAC and RQC
    Martin Gamerdinger
    Essays In Biochemistry Oct 2016, 60 (2) 203-212; DOI: 10.1042/EBC20160011

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    • Article
      • Abstract
      • Introduction
      • The ribosome-associated complex (RAC)
      • The nascent polypeptide-associated complex (NAC)
      • The ribosome quality control complex (RQC)
      • Discussion and conclusion
      • Summary
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    Keywords

    cellular targeting
    proteasomes
    protein misfolding
    ribosomes

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