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Review Article

The role of attenuated redox and heat shock protein responses in the age-related decline in skeletal muscle mass and function

Anne McArdle, Malcolm J. Jackson
Essays In Biochemistry Jul 11, 2017, 61(3) 339-348; DOI: 10.1042/EBC20160088
Anne McArdle
MRC-Arthritis Research UK Centre for Integrated Research into Musculoskeletal Ageing, Department of Musculoskeletal Biology, Institute of Ageing and Chronic Disease, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L7 8TX, U.K.
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Malcolm J. Jackson
MRC-Arthritis Research UK Centre for Integrated Research into Musculoskeletal Ageing, Department of Musculoskeletal Biology, Institute of Ageing and Chronic Disease, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L7 8TX, U.K.
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  • For correspondence: mdcr02@liverpool.ac.uk
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Abstract

The loss of muscle mass and weakness that accompanies ageing is a major contributor to physical frailty and loss of independence in older people. A failure of muscle to adapt to physiological stresses such as exercise is seen with ageing and disruption of redox regulated processes and stress responses are recognized to play important roles in theses deficits. The role of redox regulation in control of specific stress responses, including the generation of heat shock proteins (HSPs) by muscle appears to be particularly important and affected by ageing. Transgenic and knockout studies in experimental models in which redox and HSP responses were modified have demonstrated the importance of these processes in maintenance of muscle mass and function during ageing. New data also indicate the potential of these processes to interact with and influence ageing in other tissues. In particular the roles of redox signalling and HSPs in regulation of inflammatory pathways appears important in their impact on organismal ageing. This review will briefly indicate the importance of this area and demonstrate how an understanding of the manner in which redox and stress responses interact and how they may be controlled offers considerable promise as an approach to ameliorate the major functional consequences of ageing of skeletal muscle (and potentially other tissues) in man.

  • heat shock proteins
  • neuromuscular
  • reactive oxygen species
  • sarcopenia
  • Abbreviations

    eHSP,
    extracellular HSP;
    HSF-1,
    heat shock factor-1;
    HSP,
    heat shock protein;
    IL,
    interleukin;
    KO,
    knockout;
    NF-κB,
    nuclear factor-κB;
    NO,
    nitric oxide;
    ROS,
    reactive oxygen species;
    SOD,
    superoxide dismutase;
    TLR,
    Toll-like receptor;
    TNF-α,
    tumour necrosis factor α;
    WT,
    wild-type
    • © 2017 The Author(s). Published by Portland Press Limited on behalf of the Biochemical Society
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    July 2017

    Volume: 61 Issue: 3

    Essays In Biochemistry: 61 (3)
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    The role of attenuated redox and heat shock protein responses in the age-related decline in skeletal muscle mass and function
    Anne McArdle, Malcolm J. Jackson
    Essays In Biochemistry Jul 2017, 61 (3) 339-348; DOI: 10.1042/EBC20160088
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    The role of attenuated redox and heat shock protein responses in the age-related decline in skeletal muscle mass and function
    Anne McArdle, Malcolm J. Jackson
    Essays In Biochemistry Jul 2017, 61 (3) 339-348; DOI: 10.1042/EBC20160088

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    • Article
      • Abstract
      • Age-related changes in skeletal muscle
      • Reactive oxygen species play a crucial role in muscle physiology through redox-signalling pathways and are mediators of adaptations to contractile activity
      • Attenuated responses of skeletal muscle to stresses, including contractile activity are a characteristic of ageing
      • Effects of modification of stress and redox-regulated responses
      • Interactions between attenuated stress and redox responses and other ageing mechanisms
      • Conclusion
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    Keywords

    heat shock proteins
    neuromuscular
    reactive oxygen species
    sarcopenia

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